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Workers' Compensation Terms

Arising Out of and in the Course of Employment

Effect of Incarceration on Social Security Benefits

An individual who resides in a penal institution such as a jail or prison for a full calendar month can no longer receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits. Individuals who are incarcerated must notify the Social Security Administration (SSA) of their changed status with respect to the incarceration. Payments that are received in the face of a jail term lasting longer than a month will be considered overpayments and must be repaid. Though a prisoner's social security benefits are suspended while he remains incarcerated, the payment of benefits to his eligible family members will be unaffected. With respect to SSDI benefits, individuals who are in jail awaiting trial will continue to receive their benefits until such time that they are convicted.

What is a Social Security "Disability?"

A "disability," as far as the receipt of social security benefits is concerned, is not defined the same as for other programs. Social security disability benefits are only paid for total disability; the complete inability to work is the benchmark. At its essence, a person is disabled under the Social Security Act if he is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity due to a medically determinable physical or mental impairment that has lasted or is expected to last for twelve months or that results or is expected to result in death. A disability can result from either a physical or mental impairment, or a combination of impairments.

"Residual Functional Capacity" in Social Security Disability Evaluation

As a correlative step in its disability evaluation, the Social Security Administration examines an individual's residual functional capacity (RFC). The nature of the individual's impairment(s) will determine to what degree his ability to work is impacted. The bedrock of the RFC assessment is what is the most that an individual can do; not the least. An individual's RFC is that remaining functionality that the individual has despite the limitations caused by his impairment. An RFC assessment is made based on all the evidence, which may include the individual's own account of his limitations, observations by physicians, psychologists, friends, neighbors, and the like, work attempt records, and the individual's medical records.

Workers' Compensation and Employee Status

Whether an individual is eligible to receive workers' compensation benefits turns on the individual's employment status. Only employees are entitled to such benefits; individual contractors are not.